 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bangladesh PoliceFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Bangladesh Police ( Bangla: বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ ) is the main law enforcement agency of Bangladesh. It is administered under the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of Bangladesh. It plays a crucial role in maintaining peace and enforcement of law and order within the whole of Bangladesh. Though the police are primarily concerned with the maintenance of law and order and security of persons and property of individuals, it also plays a vital role in the criminal justice system.
History of Bangladesh PoliceAncient PeriodEvolution of Policing is not a new phenomenon. There is a long and very much old history of police. A study of history shows that police is as old as the civilisation. In the city state of Rome police became a special institution by about the time of Augustus towards the Middle of the fist century B.C. In case of Bangladesh the history of policing is also very old.[5] Manushanghita, the hieroglyphics of Emperor Ashoka, and the stories of renowned travelers are the main sources of composing our history. These sources also give clues to compose the fragmented history of Bangladesh Police. In Orthoshastra by Koutilla, nine types of spies are mentioned. During that period policing was confined in the efforts of collecting intelligence in order to curb anti-governmental activities and to maintain law and order in the society. The duties of under cover spies were extended such a way that they used to conduct surveillance over the activities of ministers, civil and military officials. For this all means of temptations and instigations were used. Information about investigating techniques and investigating authorities may be found in Orthoshastra. The procedures of punishing the accused are also found in this book. Hence it maybe assumed that there was one kind of police under the local autonomous system in the rural and urban areas.[6] Medieval PeriodDetails of policing activities during the middle age cannot be found as well. However, during the periods of the great sultans, an official holding the position of Muhtasib used to perform the duties of policing. This person happened to be the chief of police and the in charge of public works and the inspector of public ethics simultaneously. In urban areas, Kotwals were responsible for performing police duties. Information regarding police systems during the Mughal period can be found in the book Aain-E-Akbori. The policing system introduced by Shershah Shuri, was further organized during the period of Emperor Akber, the great. The Emperor organized his administrative structure introducing Fouzdari (the principal representative of the Emperor), Mir Adal and Kazi (the head of judicial department) and Kotwal (the chief police official of larger cities). This system was very effective in maintaining the law and order in cities. The Kotwal police system was implemented in Dhaka City. Many district sadar police stations are still called Kotwali police stations. In Mughal period Kotwal emerged as an institution. According to the historians the Kotwal was minor luminary under the Muhtasib. A Fouzdar was appointed to every administrative unit of the government (district). There were some artillery and cavalry forces under the Fouzdar. Thanadars was appointed dividing the parganas into small localities. There was a disciplined police system during the Mughal period though there was no professional police force like that of the British period. In general, it may be opined that there was a remarkable development in the maintenance of law and order and criminal administration during the reign of the Muslim rulers.[6] British PeriodThe establishment of a systematic police force in England was of slow growth and came into effect after its creation abroad. In the early stage of Industrial Revolution when England was facing grave crisis due to socioeconomic transformation the necessity of an effective organised police service was keenly felt Sir Robert Peel, the then Prime Minister introduced a bill in the British Parliament in 1829 which created an organised civil police in the near by London Metro police. Initially there were some opposition to the existence of this uniform police but the success of the London police in controlling social disorder and crime captured imagination of not only the people of England but also of the whole Europe and America, New York city copied the London model with some modifications when it organised the first Municipal Police Force 1833.[5] In 1858 full control of the Indian Territory was taken over from the East India Company by the British government. The success of the London police organised under Peels Act of 1829 prompted the British government to reform the police system in the sub-continent on the line of the British constabularies. With this end in view a police commissioner was set up 1840 and on the recommendation of the commission of the Police Act (Act V of 1861) was passed by the British Parliament. Under this Act a police force was created in each province of British India and placed under the control of the provincial government. The administration of the police force of a province was vested upon an officer styled as the Inspector General of Police. The administration of the police in a district was placed under the Superintended of Police. The Act is still in force throughout the Sub-continent and has been regulating the function of police in Bangladesh as well as the other countries of the sub-continent.[5] Pakistan PeriodAfter partition of the Sub-continent in 1947 police force in Bangladesh was first named as East Bengal Police and then as East Pakistan Police and it continued to function as provincial police force in the same lines as during the British rule.[6] Role of Police in Liberation WarThe most glorious chapter of the history of Bangladesh Police came when Bangla-speaking police officers participated along with the citizens in Bangladesh Liberation War. During the liberation war a large number of police officers from all ranks including a Deputy Inspector General, some senior Superintendents of Police and many other gave their lives for the cause of liberation. Many police personnel embraced martyrdom on 25 March 1971 fighting bravely with mere .303 rifles against the Pakistani invaders. The resistance by the Bengali members of police at Rajarbag is basically the first chapter of armed struggles during the War of Independence. This armed resistance was a clear indication to all that they had no other alternative but to go for an armed struggle to achieve independence. The name and address of 1262 police officers of different ranks could be listed who sacrificed their lives for the independence of Bangladesh during the liberation war. Again Mr. Mahbubuddin Ahmed, Bir Bikram, who was the Sub-Divisional Police Officer (SDPO) of Jhenaidah at that time, led the historic guard of honour given to the members of the Mujibnagar Cabinet when the provisional Government of Bangladesh took oath on the auspicious day of April 17, 1971 during liberation war.[7] Bangladesh PeriodAfter the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent country in December 16, 1971 the police force was recognized and it assumed the role of a national police force. Bangladesh Police as like as other police forces over the world is primarily responsible for the preservation of peace and order, protection of life and property of the people and prevention and detection of crime. The traditional role of police in Bangladesh has undergone significant change after the liberation. The role of police is no longer confined to maintenance of law and order and prevention and detection of crime. To meet the need of an independent and developing country the police is now required playing a significant role in developing state and such kinds of activities by providing the basic security required for sustained economic growth of the country. Police also is contributing substantially in this field by keeping under control economic crimes which retread the process of the development. It is further playing a vital role in dealing with insurgency in some areas of the country which impedes development activities and threatens the security of the state.[5] Organisation of Bangladesh PoliceBangladesh Police is headed by the Inspector General of Police (IGP). Under the control of Police Headquarters, Bangladesh Police is divided into different branches. Branches
OrganisationRange & District Police
Each Police Range maintains its own Range Reserve Force (RRF) and district police also maintains its own Special Armed Force (SAF) which is responsible for emergencies and crowd control issues. They are generally activated only on orders from the Superintendent of Police, and higher-level authorities. The armed constabulary do not usually come into contact with the general public unless they are assigned to VIP duty or to maintain order during fairs, festivals, athletic events, elections, and natural disasters. They may also be sent to quell outbreaks of student or labor unrest, organized crime, and communal riots; to maintain key guard posts; and to participate in anti-terrorist operations. Names of the Police Ranges are:
Metropolitan Police
Names of the Metropolitan Police are:
SWAT
Traffic Police
Special Branch (SB)
Immigration Police
Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
Government Railway Police (GRP)
Highway Police
Armed Police Battalion (APBn)
Airport Armed Police (AAP)
Rapid Action Battalion (RAB)
Tourist Police
Police Units
Inspector General of PoliceInspector Generals of Police since 1971:
Police RanksSuperior Officers
RAPID ACTION BATTALION (RAB)
Rank Badge of Superior Officers
Subordinate Officers
Rank Badge of Subordinate Officers
StrengthAs of February 2007, the strength of the Bangladesh Police is 123,197.[13] The Police Population ratio in Bangladesh is 1:1138.[14] Women in Bangladesh PoliceAlthough the history of Bangladesh Police is so long but the history of women in Bangladesh Police is not so long. Women first joined Bangladesh Police in 1974. Fourteen women police officers were appointed in the Special Branch (SB) in 1974. Of them seven were in the rank of Sub-Inspector (SI) and seven were in the rank of Constable. The first female uniformed police members were recruited two years later. In 1976 fifteen women police officers were appointed in the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) for the first time in the rank of Sub-Inspector (SI).[15] However, no women were recruited in the supervising posts in those days. In 1986, only one woman BCS Cadre police officer Ms. Fatema Begum was appointed as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) through 6th Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) examination. She is the pioneer of women as BCS Cadre officer in Bangladesh Police. Now she is serving as Deputy Inspector General (DIG) in Bangladesh Police. After two years in 1988 four women joined Bangladesh Police through the 7th Bangladesh Civil Service examination. After long interval from 1989 to 1998, in 1999 eight women officers were appointed through the 18th Bangladesh Civil Service examination. Nowadays women police of various ranks are appointed and working in all units of Bangladesh police.[16] Currently there are about 2,240 women are working in Bangladesh Police in the ranks from Deputy Inspector General (DIG) to Constable.[17] Selection and Training
The recruitment process differs according to the level of the position, and direct entry (where an applicant does not have to start at the lowest level) is possible. The educational requirements increase with recruitment for higher posts. Recruitment is conducted in the following three tiers:
Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP)The Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) are recruited by Bangladesh Public Service Commission (BPSC) through the extremely competitive Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) examination. They undergo a one year long hardship and effective training in the Bangladesh Police Academy as Probationary ASP. After passed out from academy they also undergo an orientation training of six months in the district level as a probationer. Sub-Inspector (SI)Sub-Inspector is recruited by Police Headquarters centrally. They undergo a one year long hardship and effective training in the Bangladesh Police Academy as Outside Cadet Sub-Inspector. After that they have also probationary period in different police units as part of training. ConstableConstable is recruited in the district level. They undergo a six month long training in the Police Training Centre as the Trainee Recruit Constable (TRC). Training InstitutionsBangladesh Police Academy, established in 1912 in Sardah, Rajshahi is the central training institution of Bangladesh Police. The Police Staff College, Bangladesh was established in 2000 in Dhaka.[18] Bangladesh Police also maintains Police Training Centre (PTC) in Tangail, Rangpur, Khulna and Noakhali. The Detective Training School was established in 1962 in Dhaka. List of Training Institutions
Police MedalsPolice medals are awarded in the annual Police Week in a ceremony. It is awarded for bravery and service. For Bravery
For Service
Contribution to UN Peach Keeping Operations
Since its first mission in 1989 in Namibia the Bangladesh Police contributes to U.N. peace-keeping missions including in Ivory Coast, Sudan, Liberia, Kosovo, East Timor, DR Congo, Angola, Haiti and other countries. In 2005 Bangladesh Police sent its first Formed Police Unit (FPU) to the UN Peacekeeping mission in Ivory Coast. Bangladesh is the top police contributing country of UN. At present 1646 members of Bangladesh Police is deployed in seven countries in eight UN Missions.[19] List of completed and present UNPOL and FPU Peacekeeping missions participated by Bangladesh Police:[20]
References
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
